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FEATURES
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SA9109B APPLICATION NOTE
PM9109BF MONOCHIP SINGLE PHASE BIDIRECTIONAL KILOWATT HOUR METERING MODULE
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Performs bidirectional energy metering and includes a 7 digit LCD driver with announciators 4 externally selectable on-chip tariff registers An additional total energy register Meets the accuracy requirements for Class 1 AC Watt hour meters Optical interface for electronic reading according to IEC1107 Mode D
Pulse output for calibration Total power consumption rating below 600mW Uses a shunt resistor for current sensing Operates over a wide temperature range Demonstration software included
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DESCRIPTION The SAMES monochip single phase bidirectional kilowatt hour metering module, the PM9109BF, provides all the required metering functions including energy measurement, a 7 digit LCD driver, a tariff selection facility, an optical port as well as a pulse output for calibration purposes. Energy consumption is determined by the power measurement being integrated over time. This method of calculation takes the power factor into account. This application utilises the SAMES SA9109BFA monochip single phase bidirectional kilowatt hour metering IC for energy measurement. As a safety measure, this application shows the current sensor connected to the neutral line. In practice the live line may be used for current sensing, provided that the supply connections (MAINS) are reversed on the module.
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PM9109BFX PDS038-SA9109-001 REV. 3
28-06-00
PM9109BF BLOCK DIAGRAM
LOAD
T AR IF F S E L E CT
DIS PLAY
SCROLL
RE S E T
CLK DTA PGM
SHUNT
ISOLATED CALIBRATION INTERFAC E
SA9 109 B
PULSE OUTPUT
PO W ER S UP P L Y
BAT T E RY BAC KUP
OPTICAL POR T DR-00995
L
N
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Parameter Symbol Supply Voltage (Note 1) V AC Current Sense Input (Note 1) VIV Storage Temperature TSTG Operating Temperature TO Max Current IMAX through sensor IMAX Note 1: Note 2:
Min -2.5 -25 -10
Max 540 V +125 +70 (Note 2) 800 (Note 3) 2000 (Note 4)
Unit V C C A A
Voltages are specified with reference to Live. The SA9109B integrated circuit is specified to operate over the temperature range -10C to +70C. The module functionality will however depend upon the external components used. Note 3: t = 500ms Note 4: t = 1ms *Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification, is not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Ratings for extended periods may affect device reliability.
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PM9109BF ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Over the temperature range -10C to +70C, unless otherwise specified. Power consumption figures are applicable to the PM9109BFE only.) Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Condition Supply Voltage VAC 180 230 265 V PM9109BFE (Continues) Power Consumption 1 500 mW VAC = 230V Supply direct from mains 2 Isolation Voltage VIS 2500 V Continuous Opto-coupler Output IO 10 mA VOL = 1V Current Opto-coupler Input II 10 mA Current Note 1: Power consumption specifications exclude power consumed by the current sensor. Note 2: Isolation voltage may be specified, depending on customer requirements.
PIN DESCRIPTION Designation MAINS NEUTRAL IN NEUTRAL OUT SK1 5-Pin Header connector SK2 2-Pin Header connector Description Voltage supply connection to Neutral line Voltage supply connection to Live line Connection to positive side of current sensor Connection to negative side of current sensor Isolated programming interface
Isolated pulse output
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PM9109BF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 1. Energy Calculation This Application Note should be read in conjunction with the SA9109B Data Sheet. In the Application Circuit (see Figure 2), the output current from the current sensor will be between 0 and 16A (0 to 80A through a shunt resistor of 625). The current input stage of the module saturates at input currents greater than 18ARMS. The mains voltage + 15% - 20%) is used to supply the circuitry with power and to perform the energy calculation, together with the current information from the current sensor (shunt resistor). The SA9109BF integrated circuit may be adjusted to accommodate any voltage or current values. The method for calculating external component values is described in paragraph 9 (Circuit Description). The accumulated energy is directly displayed on a 7 digit LCD. This unique application offers a host of additional features, which are dealt with below. 2. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection The device's inputs/outputs are protected against ESD according to the Mil-Std 883C, method 3015. The modules resistance to transients will be dependant upon the protection components used. Power Consumption The overall power consumption rating for this power metering application (Figure 2), is under 600mW, excluding the current sensor, when the supply is taken directly from the mains. Isolation The programming interface and pulse output are isolated from the module which is at mains potential, via opto-couplers. (In the event of the use of a current transformer for current sensing, the opto-couplers would not be required). Isolated Programming Interface This isolated interface is provided to allow the user to programme the tariff register values, calibration constants and manufacturer/meter identification codes. This port is enabled by inserting the jumpers J8, J9 and J10. The programming may be performed via the parallel port of a personal computer.
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PM9109BF The designation of the pins on connector SK1 are given below: PM9109B Pin Description 1 GND 2 PB 3 PCLK 4 PDTA 5 PGM PC Parallel Connectors (Suggested) Pin Description 18 GND 2 D1 4 D3 5 D4 3 D2
Note: The recommended connections above are applicable for the demonstration software provided with the PM9109BF. 6. Optical Port The optical port has been designed to meet the IEC1107 Mode D specification. This facility offers a pulse output as well as a serial data meter reading facility. Three types of interfacing elements from the PM9109BF are available: a) Infra-red optical port b) Red LED c) Opto-coupler In order to maximise the intensity of the element, it is suggested that only one of the outputs be used at any one time. Jumper J5 J6 J7 7. Element Opto Coupler Infra Red LED Red LED
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) The PM9109BF includes a LCD comprising of seven digits with announciators. To cater for compatibility with future devices, four jumpers are provided for backplane driving configurations. The PM9109BF boards are shipped to the customer with jumpers in a default configuration. This note refers to the SA9109B data sheet throughout the text and it is recommended that a copy of the data sheet of the SA9109B is on hand when reading through this description.
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PM9109BF The SA9109B data sheet uses 80A and 230V for rated current and rated voltage when explaining functionality of the device. This is just for example and any other rated values may be used. All AC voltages and currents are RMS values unless otherwise specified. Let us assume that we want to measure the energy for current range 0 ... 200A and voltage range 0 ... 120V. In this case ILR=200A is a rated line current and VLR=120V is a rated line voltage. Rated line power is 200A * 120V = 24kW. Three simple steps must now be followed: STEP 1 Select the shunt resistor RSH value and adjust the values of resistors R1, R2 in such a way that current flowing into the device's current sense input (pins 9 and 10) is 16A for rated line current (200A). This should be simple and straightforward task because current sense input of the device (pins 9 and 10) behaves as a virtual short. For this example a shunt resistor with a value of 625 is selected. This will result in the current sense input resistors having a value of R1=R2=1.6k. It is important to ensure that the voltage drop across the shunt resistor is not too low as the precision may suffer. STEP 2 Choose resistors R3, R6 and R4 such that current flowing into the voltage sense input (pin 8) is 14A for rated line voltage (120V). R3 and R4 forms a voltage divider from line voltage to approx. 10-20V and R4 is a serial resistor for setting the required voltage sense current of 14A. Input to the device again behaves as a virtual short (with respect to GND - pin 11). The value of capacitor C5 introduces a phase shift which can be used to compensate for current transformers, it is chosen to ensure that it forms a short with respect to R4 for typical mains frequency. For this example R3 = 106K, R6 = 14K and R4 = 1M. STEP 3 To calculate how much energy is represented by one pulse on output SDO (pin 39) and one Display increment, the following is now performed:
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PM9109BF The formula for fP, as shown in the data sheet can be simplified if: FOSC = 3.5795MHz II = 16A IV = 14A IR = 50A recommended crystal with this frequency is used by choice of correct values for RSH, R1 and R2 (STEP 1) by choice of correct values for R3, R6 and R4 (STEP 2) recommended reference setting with value of 24K for resistor R7
If these values are substituted into the original formula: fP = 40062.5/Ks (1)
Ks is an integer constant which can be programmed into the device. Range is 1025 ... 16384. Display increment frequency is 64 times lower (refer to diagram "Programmable slope divider" in the datasheet). Display increment = 40062.5/(Ks*64) = 626/Ks (2)
Substituting Ks into each of these two formulae gives ranges for fP and Display increment: fP = 39.0854Hz ... 3.6659Hz Display increment = 0.6107Hz ... 0.0573Hz (3) (4)
These values are min and max for fp at all rated conditions because of properly adjusted resistor values (chosen in STEP 1 and STEP 2) to ensure that II= 16A and IV = 14A. How much energy is now represented by one pulse on SDO? In this example the rated power is 24000W which gives energy 24000Ws for 1 second. Energy for 1 pulse on SDO is then 24000Ws/fP. Now substitute ranges given in statement (3) above: Energy for 1 pulse on SDO = (24000/39.0854)Ws ... (24000/3.6659)Ws = 614.04Ws ... 6546.82Ws
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PM9109BF Similarly by using (4) Energy for 1 Display increment = (24000/0.6107)Ws ... (24000/0.0573)Ws = 39299.2Ws ... 418848.2Ws = 0.0109kWh ... 0.1164kWh
Any value in this range can be chosen by programming Ks into the device. How is the calibration factor, Ks, derived? Ks = or Ks = where (626 * EWs) / (VLR * ILR) (626 * 3600 * 1000 * EkWh) / (VLR * ILR) ILR VLR Ews E kWh is is is is (5) (6)
rated line current rated line voltage energy for one Display increment in Ws energy for one Display increment in kWh
This formula is valid only if 16A flows into current sense input for rated line current ILR and 14A flows into voltage sense input for rated line voltage V LR (in other words - resistor adjustments as shown as example in STEP 1 and STEP 2 must be carried out). For practical reasons it is standard to use 0.1kWh for 1 Display increment. Using formula (6) : Ks = (626 * 3600 * 1000 * 0.1) / (120 * 200) = 9390
It can be derived that a value of Ks=9390 must be programmed into the device for 0.1kWh for one Display increment, if ILR =200A and VLR =120V. This constant may vary 10% for calibration purposes. Using this approach it is shown that: 1) the SA9109B device can be adjusted to any rated values (even orders of magnitude higher or lower than in this example); 2) ranges for energy per Display increment can be calculated. This approach also applies to the SA9110A.
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PM9109BF 8. Tariff, Scroll and Reset Functions Tariff Selection A dual DIP switch provides the user with the facility to set the active tariff register in which consumption will be accumulated. The active register is indicated on the LCD. Scroll Facility The 4 registers may be sequentially displayed by activating the scroll button. The contents of the register selected for display is retained on the display for a period of 10 seconds, provided that the push button is not activated during this period. After the 10 seconds has elapsed, the display defaults to the "active" register defined by the status of the tariff DIP switches. The register selected for display via the scroll button is indicated by the relevant announciators. Reset Function By pressing the Reset button the contents of the RAM of the SA9109B device is set to the default conditions. Jumpers J8, J9 and J10 must be removed to use this feature. It is strongly recommended that the provision of this facility is not made available on production meters. 9. Circuit Description The Application Circuit (Figure 2) shows the components required for a power metering application, using a shunt resistor for current sensing. In this application the circuitry requires a +2.5V, 0V, -2.5V DC supply. The most important external components are: C1 and C2 are the outer loop capacitors for the two integrated oversampling A/D converters. The value of these capacitors is 560pF. The actual values determine signal to noise and stability performance. The tolerances should be within 10%. C3 and C 4 are the inner loop capacitors of the A/D converters. The optimum value is 3.3nF. The actual values are uncritical. Values smaller than 0.5nF and larger than 5nF should be avoided. R2, R1 and RSH are the resistors defining the current level into the current sense input. The values should be selected for an input current of 16ARMS into the SA9109B, at rated line current.
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PM9109BF Values for RSH of less than 200 should be avoided. R1 = R2 = (IL/16A RMS) * RSH/2 Where IL = RSH = Line current Shunt resistor
R3A, R 3B , R6 and R4 set the current for the voltage sense input. The values should be selected so that the input current into the voltage sense input (virtual ground) is set to 14A. R7 defines all on-chip bias and reference currents. With R7 = 24k, optimum conditions are set. R7 may be varied within 10% for calibration purposes. Any change to R7 will affect the energy calculation quadratically. XTAL is a colour burst TV crystal (f = 3.5795MHz) for the oscillator. The oscillator frequency is divided down to 1.7897MHz on-chip and supplies the A/D converters and the digital circuitry. 10. Demonstration Software The accompanying diskette requires an IBM or compatible PC with MS-DOS installed. This software, supplied on a 1.4M 31/2" disk, will allow the user to read and write settings from/to the demonstration unit. Context sensitive help screen for each input field or command prompt are available by invoking [alt] H or [F1] key. An introduction is available by pressing the [F1] key immediately after installation. INSTALLATION 1. Copy the file SA9109.exe to the directory from which to operate. 2. Connect the demonstration board to either COM1 or COM2 (default) of the PC. 3. The demonstration board may now be connected to the load and the mains supply attached as suggested in the Functional Description section of the appropriate Application Note. 4. At the DOS prompt type SA9109 and carriage return [CR] to invoke the programme.
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PM9109BF RUNNING THE PROGRAMME On entering the programme, the user will be offered a selection of fields to choose from. A brief description of each field is given below: Comms Selection of serial communication port connecting the demoboard containing the SA9109B to the PC. Read Write Start task of reading from attached SA9109B device. Data stored in the input boxes displayed on the right hand side of the screen will be written via the parallel port connected on SK1. Capture boxes with a .............. on display will write the value displayed in the Read section for that parameter. Help Screen of useful keystrokes used in the programme.
A number of input boxes are available to the user to enter register start values, identity numbers, and the slope factor for the output frequency. Input boxes are: TARIFF 1 TARIFF 4 Sign +/Total The register value input for Tariff 1 -- Tariff 4 may be either a positive (+) or negative (-) value. As with the tariff registers, an initial value from which accumulation of registers totals will begin may be entered. This register, in practice, will contain the sum of the four tariff registers. Updating of this register takes place automatically when either of the tariff registers increment during power consumption. Numeric code to allow the supplier to individually attach a reference identifier to a metering unit. This field should remain as per default (SA9109B selected). The SA9109B will increment irrespective of energy direction. Initial value from which the device must start accumulation of data of chosen as "Active" tariff register
I.D. man/ I.D. sys Type
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PM9109BF Slope The output frequency at SDO (fp) may be adjusted during cali bration according to the formula: FOSC II 40062.5 x IV x 2 3.5795E6 IR Ks
fp = 11.16 x where FOSC = II IV IR KS = = = =
Oscillator frequency (2MHz --- 4MHz) Input current for current sensor input (16A at rated line current) Input current for voltage sensor input (14A at rated line voltage) Reference current (Typically 50A) Slope constant (1025 --- 16384) (Default 11389)
For default rated conditions the output frequency on SDO will be 3.5Hz. The display is incremented after every 64th pulse on SDO as shown in the block diagram below.
40062.5* Pulses / s
1/K s
1 / 64
Display Increment fp
DR-00938
USEFUL NOTES: 1. 2. A context sensitive help screen is available throughout the programme and is invoked by using [F1] or [ALT]-H. Hot key features are available for a number of functions and can be identified for use by the highlighted character of the field. For example, [ALT]C for COMMS field. To exit from the programme [Esc] or [Alt]-X
3.
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PM9109BF Figure 1: Connection Diagram
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J10
J8
J9
S CROL L
38
37
42
41
L OAD
40
OS CI
P GM
PDT A
R2
10
26 25 24
23 22
36 35 34 33 32
RSH
31 30 29 28 27
21 20 19
IIN IIP IV N VREF VD D GND VS S VBA
OS CO
PCL K 43 PB S O U T 39 S R [0 ] 44 S R [1 ] 1
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
C5
17 11 3
11 12 13
14 15
16 17 18
CIN
CIP
COP
CON
CP ON
CP OP
CP IN
C7
4
7
13
5
6
14
Z D3 C 1 2C 1 3 GND BAT .
D2
Z D2
C1 1 R1 0
C8 C9
C4
C2
C1
15
C3
L N SUPPL Y +5V
D R -0 0 9 9 7
16
CP IP
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1
SK 1 SK 2
4 +5V 56
PM9109BF
1
5
6
4
3
1
2
8
7
U 3 U 2
2 I R_ L E D R1 2 R1 3 J7 J6 1 R1 1 J5
+5V 11 R E D_ L E D R1 4 R1 5 R1 6 12 14 13 15 16 10 9
Figure 2: Application Circuit
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T AR VS S R E SE T Q1 X1
U 1
J3 J4
9
LC D
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R3 a R1 C6
8 12
R3 b +5V R7
R4
R6
SA9109B
T1 T2 T3 T4
C OS T TOT AL C OM C OS T
T1
T2
T3
T4
Total
% E rro r im p/k W h Hz 32 1 kWsh W h /im p
J1
J2
R5 D3
2
D1
R9
C1 0 R8 D4
C O F F 22 C [0 ] 2 3 C [1 ] 2 4 C [2 ] 2 5 C [3 ] 2 6 C [4 ] 2 7 C [5 ] 2 8 C [6 ] 2 9 C [7 ] 3 0 C [8 ] 3 1 C [9 ] 3 2 C [ 1 0 ]3 3 34 C [1 1 ] C [ 1 2 ]3 5 C [ 1 3 ]3 6 R [0 ] 1 8 R [1 ] 1 9 R [2 ] 2 0 21 R [3 ]
Z D1
PM9109BF Parts List for Application circuit: Figure 2
Item Symbol 1 U-1 2 U-2 3 U-3 4 XTAL 5 R1 6 R2 7 R3A 8 R3B 9 R4 10 R5 11 R6 12 R7 13 R8 14 R9 15 R10 16 R11 17 R12 18 R13 19 R14 20 R15 21 R16 22 RSH 23 C1 24 C2 25 C3 26 C4 27 C5 28 C6 29 C7 30 C8 31 C9 32 C10 33 C11 34 C12 35 C13 36 BAT 37 IR LED 38 RED LED 39 Q1 40 D1 41 D2 42 D3 Description SA9109BF ILQ74 (Quad opto-coupler) 4N35 (opto-coupler) Crystal 3.5795MHz Resistor, 1.6k, 1%, metal Resistor, 1.6k, 1%, metal Resistor, 180k, 1%, metal Resistor, 200k, 1%, metal Resistor, 24k, 1%, metal Resistor, 470k, 2W, 5% Resistor, 24k, 1%, metal Resistor, 24k, 1%, metal Resistor, 2M, 1%, metal Resistor, 680, 1%, metal Resistor, 680, 1%, metal Resistor, 680, 1%, metal Resistor, 2.2k, 1%, metal Resistor, 2.2k, 1%, metal Resistor, 2.2k, 1%, metal Resistor, 2.2k, 1%, metal Resistor, 2.2k, 1%, metal Shunt resistor, 80A, 50mV (625) Capacitor, 560pF Capacitor, 560pF Capacitor, 3.3nF Capacitor, 3.3nF Capacitor, 470nF, polyester, 250VAC Capacitor, 1F, 16V Capacitor, 100nF Capacitor, 100nF Capacitor, 820nF Capacitor, 100F, 16V Capacitor, 100F, 16V Capacitor, 820nF Capacitor, 100nF Battery, 1.2V Infrared light emitting diode Red light emitting diode Photo transistor Diode, 1N4148 Diode, 1N4148 Diode, 1N4148 Detail PLCC-44 DIP-16 DIP-6 Colour burst TV Note 1 Note 1 Note 2 Note 2 Note 2 Note 2
Note 1
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PM9109BF Parts List for Application circuit: Figure 2 (continued)
Item Symbol 43 D4 44 ZD1 45 ZD2 46 ZD3 47 SCROLL 48 RESET 49 TARIFF 50 LCD Description Diode 1N4148 Zener Diode, 2.4V Zener Diode, 2.4V Zener Diode, 47V NO, push button NO, push button DIP switch, 2 pole OEL-7678* Detail
Note 1: Resistor (R1 and R2) values are dependant upon the selected values of RSH. See paragraph 9 (Circuit Description) when selecting the value of RSH. Note 2: See the table below for resistor values, assuming a 115V/80V metering application is required. Description 115V/80A 120k 82k 1F
Item 7 8 27
Symbol R3A R3B C5
Detail
ORDERING INFORMATION Part Number Description PM9109BFE 230V, 80A Module PM9109BFA 115V, 80A Module *The LCD display is available from: JEBON CORPORATION Unit 709, Poongsan Factoria Town, 1141-2, Baegsok-Dong, Ilsan-District, Koyangcity, Kyonggi-Do, 411-360, Korea Tel: +82-31-902-9161 (12 lines) Fax: +82-31-902-7775/7776 Web site: http://www.jebon.com
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PM9109BF Note:
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PM9109BF
Disclaimer: The information contained in this document is confidential and proprietary to South African Micro-Electronic Systems (Pty) Ltd ("SAMES") and may not be copied or disclosed to a third party, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of SAMES. The information contained herein is current as of the date of publication; however, delivery of this document shall not under any circumstances create any implication that the information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent to such date. SAMES does not undertake to inform any recipient of this document of any changes in the information contained herein, and SAMES expressly reserves the right to make changes in such information, without notification, even if such changes would render information contained herein inaccurate or incomplete. SAMES makes no representation or warranty that any circuit designed by reference to the information contained herein, will function without errors and as intended by the designer.
Any Sales or technical questions may be posted to our e-mail address below: energy@sames.co.za For the latest updates on datasheets, please visit out web site: http://www.sames.co.za South African Micro-Electronic Systems (Pty) Ltd P O Box 15888, 33 Eland Street, Lynn East, 0039 Koedoespoort Industrial Area, Republic of South Africa, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa Tel: Fax:
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012 333-6021 012 333-8071 sames
Tel: Fax:
Int +27 12 333-6021 Int +27 12 333-8071

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